On February 8, in the Société québécoise de gestion collective des droits de reproduction (Copibec) v. Université Laval case[1](hereafter “Copibec v. Université Laval”), Québec’s Court of Appeal authorized the Société québécoise de gestion collective des droits de reproduction (“Copibec”) to undertake a class action lawsuit against Université Laval for violating copyright and moral rights. Copibec claims atotal amount of $4,081,830,subject to re-evaluation.